What are the main characteristics of blues music?

Blues music is characterized by its expressive and emotive qualities, often reflecting themes of sorrow, hardship, and resilience. Key features include:

1. 12-Bar Structure: Most blues songs follow a 12-bar chord progression, typically using the I, IV, and V chords, which provides a familiar framework for improvisation.

2. Call and Response: This technique involves a musical conversation between the vocalist and instruments, creating a dynamic interplay that adds depth to the performance.

3. Blue Notes: These are notes sung or played at a slightly lower pitch than the standard scale, often the third, fifth, or seventh notes, which convey a sense of melancholy and expressiveness.

4. Lyrics: Blues lyrics often tell personal stories, dealing with love, loss, and life's struggles, using straightforward language that resonates with listeners.

5. Instrumentation: Common instruments include guitar, harmonica, piano, and bass, with a focus on solo and ensemble performances that highlight individual expression.

6. Rhythm: Blues often features a shuffle or swing rhythm, giving it a laid-back yet driving feel that encourages movement and emotional connection.

These elements combine to create a genre that is both deeply personal and universally relatable.