Science · Immunology
how does antibody glycosylation affect fc receptor-mediated effector functions?
Antibody effector activity is shaped not only by the protein sequence but by the carbohydrate attached to the Fc domain. Work by Jeffrey V. Ravetch at The Rockefeller University established
how does immune checkpoint blockade reshape tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte function?
Immune checkpoint blockade works by releasing inhibitory signals that normally restrain T cell activation, thereby reshaping the behavior of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The discovery of CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways by
how does trained innate immunity alter responses to unrelated pathogens?
Trained innate immunity reshapes how innate cells respond to pathogens the body has not previously encountered by producing lasting functional changes in cells such as monocytes, macrophages and natural killer
how does the gut microbiome shape systemic immune tolerance?
The communities of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and their metabolites in the intestine instruct the host immune system to tolerate harmless microbes and food antigens while remaining ready to fight pathogens.
how do neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to autoimmune pathology?
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures of decondensed chromatin decorated with neutrophil granule proteins released by activated neutrophils. The phenomenon was first characterized by Volker Brinkmann and Arturo Zychlinsky
how does immunometabolism shape t cell effector versus regulatory differentiation?
Immunometabolism governs how intracellular fuel choices determine whether a naive T cell becomes a short-lived effector T cell or a durable regulatory or memory cell. Metabolic pathways do more than
how do regulatory b cells influence autoimmune responses?
Mechanisms of suppression
Regulatory B cells are a functionally distinct subset of B lymphocytes that restrain immune responses and help maintain immune tolerance. A principal mechanism is secretion of the anti-inflammatory
how does the complement system enhance pathogen clearance?
The bloodborne complement system is a rapidly acting arm of innate immunity that amplifies antibody and cellular responses to microbes. Charles A. Janeway Jr., Yale University School of Medicine, characterized
how do innate lymphoid cells influence mucosal immunity?
Innate lymphoid cells are a family of tissue-resident immune cells that shape the first-line defenses at mucosal surfaces. Unlike adaptive T and B cells, they lack antigen-specific receptors but release
what mechanisms drive germinal center selection of b cells?
Germinal centers are transient microanatomical structures in secondary lymphoid organs where B cells undergo rapid evolution to produce high-affinity antibodies. Three broad classes of mechanisms drive selection there: generation of