What is cognitive behavioral therapy used to treat?

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a structured, evidence-based psychotherapy used to treat a wide range of mental health conditions. Clinicians with graduate-level training and specialized CBT certification apply techniques that target the interaction among thoughts, emotions, physical sensations, and behaviors. CBT is commonly used for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders (including panic, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and specific phobias), obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and insomnia. It also addresses eating disorders, substance use problems, chronic pain, and some symptoms of bipolar disorder and psychosis when combined with medication.

Clinical trials and meta-analyses support CBT’s effectiveness for many diagnoses; cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy, behavioral activation, and skills training are well studied components. CBT is typically time-limited and goal-oriented, delivered individually, in groups, or via guided digital programs. Homework assignments and real-world practice are essential to reinforce learning and measure progress.

Patients often describe clearer coping skills, reduced symptom severity, and improved daily functioning. Therapists tailor interventions to developmental stage, cultural background, and comorbid medical conditions. In some cases, combined treatment with medication or adjunctive therapies is recommended by clinicians, particularly for severe or complex presentations.

Limitations include variable access to trained providers, the need for patient engagement, and slower onset of benefit for some conditions. Safety monitoring and collaboration with prescribing clinicians are advised when suicidality, severe substance dependence, or unstable medical illness are present.

Overall, CBT is a versatile, empirically supported approach that helps individuals change maladaptive thinking and behavior patterns. Qualified mental health professionals assess suitability, personalize treatment plans, and measure outcomes to ensure ethical, effective care. Research continues to refine CBT techniques and delivery, including internet-based programs, brief interventions, and adaptations for diverse populations. Patients and providers are encouraged to review empirical evidence and credentialing standards when selecting CBT services to maximize safety and likely benefit and long-term outcomes.